2005-2016年陕西省山阳县流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of mumps in Shanyang County of Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2016

目的分析山阳县2005-2016年流行性腮腺炎的流行特征,为科学防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统提取的2005-2016年山阳县流行性腮腺炎报告发病数据资料。结果2005-2016年山阳县共报告流行性腮腺炎病例791例,无死亡病例,年均报告发病率15.54/10万。流行性腮腺炎报告病例季节分布呈现双峰特点,主高峰在3~5月、次高峰在11~12月。5~14岁组占报告病例总数的71.68%。男性报告发病率18.63/10万、女性报告发病率12.12/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.73,P<0.01)。流行性腮腺炎报告病例职业分布以学生为主,其次为散居儿童,分别占69.91%、12.64%。流行性腮腺炎各地区报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=222.46,P<0.01),居前3位的依次为色河镇、十里街办、城关街办,发病率分别为34.36/10万、27.46/10万、21.50/10万。结论山阳县2005-2016年流行性腮腺炎发病有波动,整体呈现下降趋势;学生为防控重点人群,应加大中小学校的防控力度,广泛开展宣传教育,积极开展免疫接种,对在校学生适时开展强化免疫,以有效降低流行性腮腺炎的发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shanyang County from 2005 to 2016,and to provide scientific reference for scientific prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported incidence data of mumps in Shanyang County from 2005 to 2016 extracted from China’s disease prevention and control information system.Results From 2005 to 2016,a total of 791 cases of mumps were reported in Shanyang County,with no deaths,and the annual average reported incidence rate was 15.54/100000.The seasonal distribution of reported cases of mumps showed bimodal characteristics,with the main peak in March to May and the secondary peak in November and December.The group aged 5 to 14 years accounted for 71.68%of the reported cases.The reported incidence was 18.63/100000 in males and12.12/100000 in females,with statistically significant differences(χ2=29.73,P<0.01).The occupational distribution of reported cases of mumps was mainly student,followed by scattered children,accounting for 69.91%and 12.64%respectively.There were statistically significant differences in reported incidence of mumps in different regions(χ2=222.46,P<0.01).Districts with incidence rates in the top three were Sehe Town(34.36/100000),Shili Street Office(27.46/100000),and Chengguan Street Office(21.50/100000)respectively.Conclusion From 2005 to 2016,the incidence of mumps in Shanyang County fluctuated,and the overall trend was downward.Students are the key population for the prevention and control.The prevention and control of mumps should be strengthened in primary and middle schools,extensive publicity and education should be carried out,and immunization should be carried out actively.And intensive immunization should be carried out timely for school students,so as to effectively reduce the incidence of mumps.