2005-2018年陕西省宝鸡市市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌污染状况研究

Study on the contamination status of Listeria monocytogenes in foods marketed in Baoji City of Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2018

目的了解宝鸡市食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(简称单增李斯特菌)的污染状况,确定受到污染的食品类别,为消除单增李斯特菌引起的食品安全隐患,保障食品卫生安全,加强卫生监督与管理提供科学依据。方法依照《国家食品风险监测工作手册》及《食品国家安全标准单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》GB/T 4789. 30-2008,GB4789. 30-2010,GB 4789. 30-2016规定的检验方法,对宝鸡市13类食品进行分离和鉴定。结果宝鸡市13类2 357份市售食品中检出单增李斯特菌200株,检出率为8. 49%;宝鸡市市售食品单增李斯特菌的污染率从高到低分别为:调理肉制品44. 44%、冷冻肉糜制品36. 36%、凉拌菜20. 36%、生畜肉19. 04%、生禽肉17. 24%、水产品冷冻挂浆制品14. 29%、动物性水产品10. 37%,以生肉制品、水产品和凉拌菜中单增李斯特菌污染率较高。结论宝鸡市市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染情况不容乐观,存在一定程度的安全隐患,特别是即食食品(凉拌菜),对其生产和销售环节要加强监管,预防食品安全事件发生。

Objective To understand the contamination status of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Baoji City,to determine the types of contaminated food and eliminate food safety hazards caused by Listeria monocytogenes,ensuring food hygiene and safety,and to provide scientific basis for strengthening health supervision and management. Methods Thirteen kinds of food in Baoji City were isolated and identified according to the inspection methods stipulated in the National Food Risk Monitoring Work Manual and the National Food Safety Standard Listeria monocytogenes Test GB/T 4789. 30-2008,GB 4789. 30-2010,GB4789. 30-2016. Results A total of 200 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were detected in 2 357 commercially available foods of13 categories in Baoji City,with a detection rate of 8. 49%. The pollution rate of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Baoji City from high to low were: prepared meat products 44. 44%,frozen meat products 36. 36% cold vegetables 20. 36%,raw meat 19. 04%,raw poultry meat 17. 24%,aquatic products frozen hanging pulp products 14. 29% and 10. 37% of animal aquatic products. The contamination rates of Listeria monocytogenes in raw meat products,aquatic products and salad were higher. Conclusion The contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in the marketed foods in Baoji City is not optimistic,and there is a certain degree of potential safety hazards,especially for ready-to-eat foods( cold salad),the production and sales of which should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of food safety incidents.