尼雷尔与坦桑尼亚斯瓦希里语的语言规划

Nyerere and Tanzanian Swahili’s Language Planning

坦桑尼亚斯瓦希里语语言规划的成功在非洲本土语言中是一个特例。学者之前的研究多将其归功于前殖民时代良好的使用基础、英法殖民机构的推广、独立后坦桑尼亚革命党政府的推动等因素。中外学者的研究大多从政策层面出发,关注斯瓦希里语的“地位规划”和“习得规划”。本文将梳理对坦桑尼亚斯瓦希里语语言规划的历史,介绍和分析具体文本,尝试揭示同时作为政治领袖和知识精英的尼雷尔对斯瓦希里语“地位规划”和“本体规划”的影响和推动。

The Success of Swahili’s language planning is an unusual example among African indigenous languages.Scholars often attribute it to the wide using of the language in the pre-colonial time,the promotion of the colonial authorities,and the promotion of the ruling party after independence.From the perspective of policymaking,scholars often focus on the status planning and acquisition planning.Through a review of the previous research,and a text-based introduction and analysis,this paper tries to reveal Nyerere’s role as a political leader and an intellectual elite to influence and promote Swahili’s status planning and corpus planning.