致使交替语义机制的词汇化解释:日语单动词和复合动词

Ratio Difference of Causative Alternation in Japanese Simple and Compound Verbs: A Lexicalization Perspective

日语的单动词与复合动词均存在致使交替现象,但二者中可交替动词的比例却存在极大差异。前人研究多孤立看待单动词与复合动词的致使交替现象,未深入挖掘其数量比例差异背后的语义机制。本文利用词汇化理论,在考察二者词汇化模式的基础上对二者的致使交替数量比例差异进行了分析。分析表明,单动词与复合动词词汇化模式均可分为三类:"方式"、"结果"及"方式+结果",且只有词汇化模式为"结果"的动词可发生致使交替。因此,致使交替动词的数量差异来源于两类动词中"结果动词"的数量差异。

Causative alternation exists in both Japanese Simple Verbs(JSV) and Japanese Compound Verbs(JCV), but their ratios differ significantly. Conventionally, the alternation was explained and treated independently in the JSV and JCV categories, and the semantic mechanism behind the ratio difference was unexplored. In this article, the lexicalization modes of JSV and JCV are analyzed, and their ratio difference in causative alternation is explained from a unified lexicalization perspective. The lexicalization patterns for both JSV and JCV are classified into three categories, namely the "Manner", the "Result", and the "Manner+Result" verbs. It is shown that causative alternation occurs only in the "Result" verbs. Therefore, the ratio difference actually comes from the quantitative difference of "Result" verbs in JSV and JCV.