早期的阿拉伯语研究——从杜艾里到西伯威

Early Studies on the Arabic Language: From Du’alī to Sībawayh

《古兰经》的降世和伊斯兰对外征服带来的民族交融为研究阿拉伯语提供了契机。阿拉伯学者们从《古兰经》、诗歌和贝都因人所说的阿拉伯语那里获得了语言和语法研究的丰富材料,开始从各个角度对阿拉伯语进行研究。本文选取从杜艾里到西伯威之间的百余年时间,梳理了早期阿拉伯语语文学、词典编纂和语法的研究对象、语料来源和研究方法,并分析了阿拉伯语研究产生的原因、《艾因书》和《西伯威书》中的基本思想以及外国文化对阿拉伯语语法起源带来的影响。

The creation of the Quran and the ethnic fusion brought by Islamic conquest prompted studies of the Arabic language.Arab scholars found abundant materials in the Quran,poems and the Arabic spoken by Bedouins,and started studying their language from different perspectives.Focusing on the period between Du’alīand Sībawayh,this paper examines the object of study,data sources and research methods in early Arabic philology,lexicography and grammar.Reasons for the emergence of Arabic study,basic thoughts in Kitāb l-‘Ayn and Kitāb Sībawayh,and foreign influences on the origin of Arabic grammar are also discussed.