95例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中医体质类型分布研究

Distribution of TCM Constitution Types in 95Cases of COVID-19

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中医体质类型分布,为中医药早期干预与预防提供依据。方法:应用横断面研究方法,通过问卷星形式完成95例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中医体质量表与相关因素调查,通过数据统计分析,探索新型冠状病毒肺炎患者体质类型分布规律及相关因素(症状、个人生活嗜好、核酸转阴时间等)的关联。结果:(1)患者体质发生频率前5位是平和质、痰湿质、阳虚质、湿热质、阴虚质;兼夹体质前三位的是阴虚兼湿热、痰湿兼湿热、阳虚兼痰湿;(2)患者症状发生频率前5位是发热、咳嗽、乏力、恶寒、出汗;(3)转阴天数1~7d以气郁质、痰湿质、阴虚质、阳虚质、平和质为主;转阴天数7~14d以平和质、阴虚质、阳虚质为主;转阴天数14~21d以湿热质、阴虚质、痰湿质为主;转阴天数21~30d以痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质为主;截至该研究完成时未转阴以阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质为主;(4)既往病史及个人生活嗜好以高血压、心脏病/冠心病、肥胖及辛辣食物、甜品、海鲜、饮酒、煎炸食物为主;(5)病情轻重与体质关系:普通型以阴虚质、平和质为主;轻型以平和质、阴虚质为主;重型以痰湿质、阳虚质为主。结论:(1)新型冠状病毒肺炎患者主要中医体质类型为痰湿质、气虚质、血瘀质、湿热质;(2)患者的初始症状主要有发热、咳嗽、乏力、恶寒、出汗;(3)湿热、痰湿体质患者新冠病毒核酸转阴时间明显延长;(4)平素嗜好辛辣刺激及甜品患者易感湿热及痰湿体质;(5)痰湿质是加重病情的主要危险因素。

Objective:To explore the distribution of TCM constitution types in COVID-19 patients,and to provide a basis for early intervention and prevention of TCM.Methods:The cross-sectional study method was used to complete the survey of 95 Cases of COVID-19 patients with TCM constitution scale and related factors in the form of questionnaire.Through statistical analysis of the data,the correlation between the distribution pattern of COVID-19 patients’constitution types and related factors(symptoms,personal habits,nucleic acid negative time,etc.)was explored.Results:(1)The top 5 physical occurrence frequencies of patients were Ping He constitution,Tan Shi constitution,Yang Xu Constitution,Shi Re Constitution and Yin Xu Constitution;The top three concurrent constitutions are Yin Xu and Shi Re constitution,Tan Shi and Shi Re Constitution,Yang Xu and Tan Shi Constitution;(2)The top 5 symptom frequencies were fever,cough,fatigue,chills and sweating;(3)Time(1~7 d)of negative transfer:Qi Yu Constitution,Tan Shi Constitution,Yin Xu Constitution,Yang Xu Constitution,Ping He Constitution;Time(7~14 d)of negative:Ping He Constitution,Yin Xu Constitution,Yang Xu Constitution;Time(14~21 d)of negative transfer:Shi Re Constitution,Yin Xu Constitution,Tan Shi Constitution;Time(21~30 d)of negative transfer:Tan Shi Constitution,Shi Re Constitution,Yang Xu Constitution;There was no negative transfer at the time of completion of the study:Yin Xu Constitution,Tan Shi Constitution and Shi Re Constitution;(4)Past medical history and personal habits are mainly hypertension,heart disease/coronary heart disease,obesity,spicy food,dessert,seafood,drinking,fried food;(5)The relationship between the severity of the disease and the constitution:the common type is mainly Yin Xu constitution and Ping He constitution;Mild case to Ping He constitution and Yin Xu constitution;Severe case to Tan Shi constitution,Yang Xu constitution.Conclusion:(1)The main TCM constitution types of COVID-19 patients are Tan Shi Constitution,Qi Xu Constitution,Xue Xu Constitution,Shi Re Constitution;(2)Main symptoms of patients were fever,cough,fatigue,chills and sweating;(3)The time of turning negative of novel coronavirus nucleic acid in patients with Tan Shi Constitution and Shi Re Constitution was significantly prolonged;(4)Patients with normal taste for spicy stimulation and desserts are susceptible to Shi Re Constitution and Tan Shi Constitution;(5)Tan Shi constitution is the main risk factor aggravating the disease.