中药夏枯草文献考证

Literature Research on The Chinese Herb Prunella Vulgaris

从名称、基原、采收时间、入药部位、药性、功效及食用历史等几个方面,对中药夏枯草进行考证研究。结果表明,夏枯草首载于《神农本草经》,历代本草所载夏枯草的别名包括乃东、夕句、燕面、铁色草。《新修本草》最早记载了夏枯草的形态特征,结合历代本草书籍的描述和附图,夏枯草植物特征可概括为茎直立,基部多分枝,叶对生,叶片呈椭圆披针形,近全缘,穗状花序顶生。采收期在农历四月,入药部位是带穗全草。根据历代本草文献记载,夏枯草的药性可以总结为性寒,味苦、辛,无毒,可入肝经。功效多体现在清热平肝、散结止痛、透疹消疮、袪湿除痹等方面,可用于治疗肝火上延所致的头痛、目痛、瘰疬、疮疡等热证,也可用于妇科治疗赤白带下、血崩、产后血晕等证,还兼具利尿降压作用。

Textual research was carried out on prunella vulgaris from the aspects of name,origin,harvesting time,medicinal site,property,efficacy and edible history.Prunella vulgaris firstly set out in“Sheng Nong Ben Cao Jing”.The nicknames of prunellia vulgaris in ancient times include naidong,xiju,yanmian,and tiesecao.The morphological features of prunus vulgaris were first recorded in“Xin Xiu Ben Cao”.Based on the description and drawings in the literature,the plant characteristics of prunella can be summarized as upright stems,branched base,opposite leaves,elliptic-lanceolate leaves,subentire,spikes terminal.The harvest period is in April of the lunar calendar.The medicine part is the whole grass.According to the history of herbal documentation,the medicinal properties of prunella can be summarized as cold,bitter taste,xin,non-toxic,can enter the liver.The efficacy is mainly reflected in the aspects of clearing heat and calming liver,fights the pain,clearing rash and removing sores,relieving dampness and removing arthralgia,etc and can be used to treat the headache that liver fire goes up to be caused by,eye painful,scrofula,sore chooses hot card such as,also can be used at department of gynaecologic treatment red leucorrhea,haemorrhage,postpartum haemorrhage is dizzy wait for a card,still hold concurrently diuretic and antihypertensive effect.