青州北齐菩萨立像新样天衣来源新探

A New Inquiry into the Sources of the New Style of Deva Garments Worn by the Northern Qi Dynasty Standing Bodhisattva Statues in Qingzhou

山东青州及其周边地区发现的北齐菩萨立像多佩戴新样天衣。学界认为这一地区新样天衣的出现受到陕甘等地造像艺术的影响。而根据北朝X形天衣及新样U形天衣的演变过程以及二者与新样天衣的关系,可以得出结论:新样天衣由新样U形天衣演变而来。新样天衣最早出现在以青州及其周边地区为主的山东境内,并在向外传播的过程中产生较大影响,成为隋唐时期天衣的主要样式之一。

At present,the standing Bodhisattva statues of the Northern Qi Dynasty found in Qingzhou and its surrounding areas in Shandong province are mostly clad in new-style Deva garments.For a long time,scholars believed that the emergence of this new representation of Deva garments in this region was influenced by the statuary of Shaanxi,Gansu,and other areas.Based on the evolution of X-shaped and new-style U-shaped Deva garments of the Northern dynasty,and the relationship between the former two and the new style,this paper argues that the new style evolved from later style U-shaped Deva garments.Moreover,the new style first appeared in present-day Shandong province,mainly in Qingzhou and its surrounding areas,and exerted great influence on the process of outward dissemination.Finally,the new style became the predominant way of depicting Deva garments in the Sui and Tang dynasties.