以素饰素:《周易》“白贲”的设计学解读

Decorating with Plain Elements——A Design Interpretation of“Baibi”in The Book of Changes

历代易学者大都以“饰极反素”来解释“白贲”,即装饰的最高境界就是不饰,但从历史语境进行细究,却发现这并非“白贲”原初的涵义。“白贲”并非不饰,而是“以白为饰”。白色除了能衬托五色绚丽之外,其本身也是先秦的正色和吉色,故方能“白贲,无咎”。“白贲”后又转化为“以素为美”的装饰美学,并在器物装饰上演化为“以素衬饰”和“素饰”等装饰手法,又在当世演化为“以素饰素”的设计美学,包括“白与黑”“空”“淡”“朴”四种设计美学趣味。这是由于“白贲”和设计的本质诉求是一致的。

Most scholars in the past explained“Baibi”as“decorating extremely inverse elements”,that is,the highest state of decoration is no decoration,but from the context of history,we found that this is not the original meaning of“Baibi”.“Baibi”is not without decoration,but“with white as decoration”.In addition to being able to set off the splendor of the five colors,white itself is also the positive color and auspicious color of the pre-Qin periods,so it can be“Baibi,no blame”.“Baibi”was later transformed into the decorative aesthetics o“f beauty with plain elements”,and evolved into decorative techniques such as“decorating with plain elements”and“decorating plain elements”in the decoration of utensils,and evolved into“decorating plain elements with plain elements”,including four design aesthetic tastes of“white and black”,“empty”,“light”and“plain”.The final argument is that“Baibi”is consistent with the essential appeal of the design.