基于文化管理体制比较的中国博物馆文化服务改革探索

Exploration on the Reform of Cultural Services in Chinese Museums Based on the Comparison of Cultural Management Systems

博物馆事业是公共文化事业的一部分。从比较国内外公共文化管理体制入手,进一步比较国内外博物馆管理体制、运营机制,有利于正处于“文化强国”和“博物馆强国”建设征程中的中国“知己知彼”。世界各国公共文化管理体制可以概观地分为集权制、分权制两种:中国属于前者,法国、日本与中国相似;美国、英国则属于后者。国内外博物馆管理体制的根本性差异在于所有制结构的差异,中国以国有制为主,西方国家情形与此相反。管理体制的差异从根本上决定了运营机制的差异。在以高质量发展为目标的文化供给侧改革中,本文提出中国博物馆文化服务四条优化路径:深化法人治理结构改革、推进博物馆基础设施建设与提升、保障博物馆文化服务的制度化常态化、创建博物馆文化服务的大融合大合力体系。

Museum undertakings are part of public cultural undertakings.Starting from the comparison of domestic and foreign public cultural management systems,and further comparing domestic and foreign museum management systems and operation mechanisms,it is beneficial for China,which is in the process of building a“cultural power”and“museum power”,to"know ourselves and others".The public cultural management systems in the world can be roughly divided into two types:centralized and decentralized:China belongs to the former,France and Japan are similar to China;the United States and the United Kingdom belong to the latter.The fundamental difference between domestic and foreign museum management systems lies in the difference in ownership structure.China is dominated by state ownership,while the situation in Western countries is the opposite.The difference of management system fundamentally determines the difference of operation mechanism.In the cultural supply-side reform with the goal of high-quality development,four optimization paths for cultural services of Chinese museums are proposed:deepening the reform of corporate governance structure;promote the construction and improvement of museum infrastructure;to ensure the institutionalization and normalization of museum cultural services;create a large integration system of museum cultural services.