我国钢铁与铝产业发展比较研究和思考

Comparison and enlightenment of steel and aluminum industry development in China

通常认为钢铁产业和铝产业同属资源类密切相关的两个产业,两者具有极强的相似性。近年铁矿石价格持续上涨,对我国钢铁产业造成重大冲击,引发各界高度关注,而铝土矿的价格波动幅度与铁矿石完全不同。本文在对钢铁和铝产业进行产业组织学对比研究基础上,提出了产业自驱力概念。研究认为:我国钢铁产业和铝产业经过几十年的发展,已经形成了不同的全程产业价值链和市场消费结构,由铝产业中获得的启示是钢铁产业中的超大型国有企业在"二元产业组织结构"中应当积极充当龙头企业,构建完整的产业链,在产业链中不断向上游和下游拓展,为整个行业发挥"稳定器"作用;钢铁产业应将矿山企业和钢铁消费端(铁路建设、房地产、汽车、与钢铁有关的制造业等)纳入钢铁全程产业价值链之内,重塑新空间区位从局部到区域进一步发展,提升我国企业在铁矿石市场定价的话语权,促进钢铁产业自驱力发展和建设。

It is generally believed that the iron and steel industry are closely related to resources,and they have strong similarity.In recent years,the rising price of iron ore,caused a significant impact on China’s iron and steel industry,drawing extensive attention from all walks of life.The fluctuation range of bauxite price was completely different from that of iron ore.Based on the comparative study of industrial organization of iron and steel and aluminum industry,this paper puts forward the concept of industrial self-driven force.The research shows that:after decades of development,China’s iron and steel industry and aluminum industry have formed different whole-process industrial value chain and consumption structure of market.The Enlightenment from the aluminum industry is that the super large state-owned enterprises in the iron and steel industry should actively act as the leading enterprises in the"dual industrial organization structure"to build a complete industrial chain,and expand both upstream and downstream to play a"stabilizer"role for the whole industry;The iron and steel industry should bring mining enterprises and steel consumers(railway construction,real estate,automobile,steel related manufacturing,etc.)into the whole value chain of iron and steel industry,reshape the new spatial location of industrial cluster,from local to regional scale,enhance the discourse power of Chinese enterprises in iron ore market pricing,and promote the development and construction of self-driven force of iron and steel industry.