基于RS和GIS的河南国家级自然保护区人类活动与地貌特征研究

Research on human activities and geomorphic characteristics of Henan national nature reserve based on RS and GIS

以数字高程模型、2016—2018年的国产高分辨遥感影像为数据源,在GIS平台上研究了河南国家级自然保护区地貌类型与人类活动及其时空变化特征之间的关系。结果表明:2016年保护区普遍存在人类活动,面积1725.35 km2,数量10645处,人类活动类型以农业用地占绝大多数;2016—2018年期间,保护区新增人类活动562处、新增面积37.727 km2,人类活动及其变化主要集中于低海拔的平原、台地、丘陵和坡度25°以下的区域,人类活动对保护区产生的正面影响大于其负面影响,人工恢复治理的水域和草地的新增或规模扩大趋势明显,反映出保护区加强了生态环境恢复治理力度,治理效果显著。运用遥感技术可准确查清保护区人类活动的空间分布状况、类型、强度及其动态变化等特点和其分布的地貌类型、坡度范围,能及时评估和发现管理保护中存在的问题,为保护区监督和管理提供针对性的建议,对科学评估和提升保护区的管理具有重要指导意义。

Taking digital elevation model and domestic high-resolution remote sensing images from 2016 to 2018 as data sources,the relationship between geomorphological types and human activities and their spatialtemporal variation characteristics was studied in Henan National Nature Reserve on the GIS platform.The results show that there were different kinds of human activities in Henan national nature reserves and Human activities were widely distributed in 2016.The area of human activities was 1725.35 km2,the number of human activities was 1064,agricultural land was dominant.From 2016 to 2018,there were 562 patches newly human activities in national nature reserves,covering an additional area of 33.83 km2.Human activities and their changes were mainly concentrated in low altitude plains,terraces,hills and areas with slopes below 25°.During 2016 to 2018,the positive impact of human activities on the protected areas was greater than the negative impact,the water area and grassland under artificial restoration and management have an obvious trend of increasing or expanding in scale.Ecological and environmental restoration efforts have been strengthened in Henan national nature reserves and the governance effect was remarkable.Based on remote sensing data,the spatial distribution,types,intensity and dynamic changes of human activities in nature reserves can be accurately identified,as well as the geomorphological types and slope ranges of their distribution.The problems existing in management and protection can be assessed and discovered in time,and targeted suggestions can be provided for the supervision and management of nature reserves.It has important guiding significance for scientific evaluation and improvement of the effectiveness of the management and conservation of the reserve.