伊利汗国时期南波斯(法尔斯)地区道路体系的变与不变略谈

Changing or No Changing:On System Routes of Fārs in the īIkhānate

我国文献中出现的波斯(Bosi或Posi)就是法尔斯(Fārs)之音,英语中Persian(波斯语、波斯人)也是从法尔斯(Fārs)这一词转化而来的。法尔斯地区在伊朗历史上占有显要的地位,伊朗很多王朝发祥于此或建都于此,其分布着许多历史名城。因此这里文化发达,名人辈出。法尔斯作为伊利汗国的南部之地,是该汗国双重管理地区,一方面当地有较为独立的地方统治者管理,另一方面伊利汗国派监治官。因此形式上或名义上是伊利汗国的管理地。此地今天的道路交通是古代交通的延续,也是伊利汗国庞大道路体系的有机组成部分,在当时的道路交通中发挥了重要作用,尤其在与元朝交往中起到举足轻重的作用。本文对伊利汗国时期这一地区的道路体系作较全面的考察。

Fārs is named as Bosi or Posi in Chinese literature,and as the Persian in English,where is occupied an important position in the history of Iran.Here are so many dynasties of Iran originated or established their capitals.So Fars is enjoyed the high quality culture and there are a lot of celebrities.As the southern part of theīIkhānate,it is carried out the dual administrations in Fārs,namely,On the onc hand,there are relatively independent local rulers,on the other hand,where the Shahna is sent by theīIkhānate government.The paper is focused on traffic system of Fārs,which is not only a part of the huge net of transport controlled byīIkhānate,but also a part of the ancient transportation in the Middle East.It played an important role in the connection of road at that time,especially communication with the Yuan Dynasty.