元代宜兴英烈庙的重修及相关人员考述

The Rebuilding of the Yinglie Temple in I-hsing of Yüan Dynasty and Related Personnel Research

宜兴英烈庙的前身是始建于唐代的周处坟祠。从南唐开始,周处开始演化为宜兴及周边地区的地方神祇,进入地方祀典,其坟祠也改称周将军庙。南宋初期,周将军庙因获得朝廷“英烈”赐额而改称英烈庙,周处也不断获得朝廷封号,进入国家祀典。元代全面继承并发展宋代的这一做法,对英烈庙先后进行过三次重修,使其最终成为影响较大的江南祠庙。官修民助是元代英烈庙重修的基本模式,宜兴地方有力人士是重修英烈庙的主力,而常州路、宜兴州以及江南行御史台的各级官员也乐观其成。宜兴英烈庙的衍变,反映了宋元两朝在江南地方祭祀政策上一脉相承的关系。

The predecessor of Yinglie Temple in I-hsing was the Chou Ch'u Fenci(Cemetery Temple),which was built in the Tang Dynasty.Starting from the Southern Tang Dynasty,Chou Ch'u began to evolve into a local deity in I-hsing and surrounding areas,entering local sacrificial ceremonies,and their graves shrine was renamed Chou General Temple.In the early Southern Sung Dynasty,the Chou General Temple was renamed the Yinglie Temple because of the“Yinglie”(heroic and martyred)title given by the imperial court,Chou Ch'u also continuously received the title of the court and entered the national sacrificial ceremony.The Yüan Dynasty fully inherited and developed this practice in the Sung Dynasty,and rebuilt the Yinglie Temple three times,making it the most influential shrine in the Chiang-nan.Official repair and private assistance were the basic modes of rebuilding the Yinglie Temple in the Yüan Dynasty.I-hsing local powerful people were the main force in rebuilding the Yinglie Temple,and officials at all levels in Ch'ang chou circuit,I-hsing County,and Chiang-hsi Zhudao Xingyu-shih t'ai were also optimistic.The evolution of the Yinglie Temple in I-hsing reflects the relationship between the Sung and Yüan Dynasties in the local sacrificial policies in Chiang-nan.