明末东江军镇与朝鲜贸易关系探析

Analysis on China and Korea Trade Under Management by Dongjiang Town in the Late Ming Dynasty

随着17世纪初期明金(清)战争的爆发,明朝在辽东的控制区大部分为后金所占领,使得明朝与朝鲜的陆上联系中断,中朝边境贸易一度停滞。此后明朝将领毛文龙在位于中朝边境鸭绿江口的皮岛上建立了新的军镇,即“东江镇”,通过海路与朝鲜相连,成为当时明朝与朝鲜联系的重要边镇。东江建镇后,在皮岛开设市场,使得中朝边境大量商贸活动集聚于东江,重新连接了明朝与朝鲜的边境贸易。至朝鲜仁祖前期,朝鲜逐渐被纳入东江贸易的影响范围之中,生活和军需物资的流动曾一度为东江所左右,东江凭借贸易优势实现了对辽东沿海和朝鲜北部陆上区域的控制,凸显了当时明朝仍对朝鲜有着一定影响,也是明朝在东北亚地区的最后余晖。

With the outbreak of war between Ming and Later Jin Dynasty(Manchu-Qing)in the early 17th century,most of the Ming Dynasty’s territory in Liaodong was occupied by Later Jin,which interrupted the land route between Ming Dynasty and Joseon of Korea and blocked the border trade.Later,Mao Wenlong,a general of the Ming Dynasty,established a new border town,namely Dongjiang Town on the island Pidao at the mouth of Yalujiang River(Amnok River in Korean)between China and Korea,which connected Joseon of Korea through maritime route.It became an important border town for Ming Dynasty to contact with Korea.After the establishment of Dongjiang town on island Pidao,markets were opened,which gathered a large number of border trade activities in Dongjiang.Till the early realm of Injo of Joseon,Korea was gradually brought into the influence of Dongjiang trade.And its flow of daily life and military supplies was once controlled by Dongjiang.The trade advantages of Dongjiang enabled control on the coastal areas of Liaodong and the land of northern Korea,which highlighted the influence of Ming Dynasty on Korea at that time.It was also the last resplendence of the Ming Dynasty in Northeast Asia.