万历朝鲜之役中的对日和谈问题与明廷党争

The Peace Negotitation with Japan and the Factional Struggle within the Ming Court during the Wanli Korean War

明神宗万历年间的朝鲜之役不但深刻地影响了当时东亚地区的国际形势,而且也在明廷内部引发了激烈的政策乃至人事之争。在朝鲜之役的第一阶段,明廷内部的争论主要是围绕对日和谈问题而展开的。支持和谈的一派以内阁及兵部为中心,其中内阁在推动和谈一事上所发挥的作用甚至犹胜兵部尚书石星。而反对和谈的官员数量众多,其中之主体则为科道言官。和谈与反和谈之争与万历以来,尤其是张居正死去后党争的激化在时期上相重合。此阶段的党争主要是内阁与吏部以及东林派等反内阁势力之间的斗争,而万历朝鲜之役中反对内阁所主导的和谈计划的官员有不少原本便与东林派立场接近,甚至可归入东林一派,可以说围绕和谈问题的政争亦带有强烈的党争色彩。

The Korean War that occurred during the Wanli reign of the Ming not only carried profound ramifications for the geo-political situation in East Asia,but also triggered intense arguments and struggles within the Ming court.In the first stage of the war,the key issue repeatedly debated by court officials was the peace negotiation with Japan.The Grand Secretary and the Ministry of War supported a peace treaty between Ming China and Japan,while a large number of officials,led by agroup of censors,objected strongly to the peace agenda.The dispute over the peace plan coincided with the upsurge of factional struggle within the Ming court,which unfolded mainly between the Grand Secretary and its opponents,such as the Donglin officials;further,among those who opposed to the peace negotiation promoted most keenly by the Grand Secretary,quite some were politically close to the Donglin faction or even came from it.Thus the peace negotiation with Japan itself also served as an issue of dispute in the factional struggle.