“月氏人来自四川”假说商榷

Questioning the hypothesis that the Yuezhi originated in Sichuan

在《贵霜史研究》一书中,余太山先生提出了这样一种假说:古代西亚的古提(Guti)人和吐克里(Tukri)人向东迁徙,后者形成了先秦文献中的吐火罗前身"大夏",而前者可能有一支到达四川若水,形成了禺知前身颛顼部落;舜死后其中一部分人北上形成了月氏人,也有可能其中一支到达伊犁河、楚河流域成为塞种之一。这个假说,除了上述语言学证据外,还有三星堆出土的青铜人物雕像、金杖和金面罩等。这些器物在形式、风格、功能等方面完全不同于古蜀地区的本土文化,在同时期的中原地区也找不到类似者,却与属于地中海文明的青铜器有着十分明显的联系。他本人强调这是一种假说,不能将三星堆看作东迁至四川的古提人留下的遗迹,但他认为是古提人从西亚长途跋涉到过四川的旁证。但是从现有的语言学、体质人类学、考古学证据来看,该假说值得商榷。

In his book Study of Kushan History,Yu Taishan advanced the hypothesis that the Guti and Tukri peoples migrated from Iran eastward to become the ancestors of two peoples recorded in the pre-Qin literature of China.The Tukri people became the ancestors of the"Daxia"people;a branch of the Guti people reached Ruoshui in Sichuan Province,where they formed the Zhuanxu tribe,predecessor of the Yuzhi people;after the death of Shun,a part of them migrated northwestern China and became the Yuezhi people,a branch of this people possibly reached the valleys of the Ili and Chu Rivers,where they joined the Saka people.The hypothesis,apart from the aforementioned meager linguistic evidence,was based on the close resemblance of bronze statues,gold staffs and gold masks unearthed from Sanxingdui with Mediterranean bronze objects in form,style and function.Such hypothesis,however,is not tenable from the perspective of the presently available linguistic,physical anthropological and archaeological evidence.