18世纪后期清朝与浩罕早期关系史研究

Study on the early Relationship between Qing and Khoqand in the late 18 century

文章利用新近影印出版的满汉文档案,对18世纪后期清朝与中亚浩罕国的早期关系史进行了探讨,指出清朝曾主动争取浩罕国的归附,而浩罕为了寻求政治与经济上的权益,与清朝建立了较为松散的藩属关系。政治上,浩罕意在借助清朝权威号令周边部落,扩大自身地盘,清朝起初对其与布鲁特的地盘纷争采取较为积极的干涉政策,后期逐渐转变为不干涉主义;经济上,浩罕以藩属的身份呈请清朝减免税收,获得使臣所携货物免税、民间贸易减税的许可,大大方便了浩罕国对清朝的东方贸易。

The paper used the newly published Manchu and Chinese archives,discussed the early relationship between Qing and Khoqand in the late 18th century,argued that Qing took the initiative to fight for the attachment of Khoqand.For the political and economic rights,Khoqand submitted to the authority of the Qing.Politically,Khoqand intends to use the authority of Qing to order the surrounding tribes and expand their own territory.In front of the dispute between Khoqand and Burut,Qing adopted a more aggressive intervention policy against Khoand in the begining,but gradually changed to non-interventionism in the finally.Economically,as the Qing’s tributary,Khoqand acquired the tax exemption for the goods brought by Khoand envoys,and the tax reduction of private trade,this greatly facilitated the Khoand’s trade with Qing.