“换盏”源流考——兼论元刊杂剧之“推台不换盏”

The Study of “Huanzhan(换盏)”and “Tuitai bu Huanzhan(推台不换盏)”in Dramas Inscribed in Yuan-Dynasty

"换盏"本指蒙古族为防止被下毒而多人同饮一杯马奶、牛羊酪,后指席间主客、客客互相敬酒,其方式、过程极其繁琐。宋元时代,"换盏"随着民族交流进入汉语系统并与汉语的"传杯"等词连用为四字格,后泛化指互相敬酒,不再包含繁琐的方式和过程。现代社会酒席、宴会上互相敬酒的方式就是源自蒙古族的"换盏"。"换盏"是用汉语固有词语和语素记录的蒙古族酒礼,是因汉蒙语言接触而产生的词语。本文在理清"换盏"源流的基础上,对元刊杂剧《古杭新刊的本关大王单刀会》之"推台不换盏"做出了确切释义。

In the beginning,Huanzhan means the manner of several people drink the same cup of horse milk,cow or sheep cheese together in the Mongolian nationality to prevent poisoning.Subsequently Huanzhan means toasting each other with complex etiquettes.In Song and Yuan Dynasty,Huanzhan entered the Chinese system and used together with Chinese words,thereby formed some four-character patterns.In Chinese system,Huanzhan means toasting each other but without complex etiquettes.In modern society,toasting each other at the banquet originated from the Mongolian’s Huanzhan.Huanzhan is a Mongolian drinking manner recorded by Chinese word and morpheme,it is the result of language contect between Chinese and Mongolian.This paper straightens up the development of Huanzhan and gives an accurate interpretation to Tuitai bu Huanzhan in drama Dandaohui Inscribed in Yuan-Dynasty.