泰亦赤兀惕祖先传说的文献学研究——以《元秘史》、《元史》、《史集》为中心

A Textual Analysis of the Ancestral Legendries of the Tayici’ud clan According to the Sources of Secret History of the Mongols,Yuanshi and Compendium of Chronicles

成吉思汗兼并诸部统一漠北以前,蒙古部泰亦赤兀惕氏一度号称诸部最强,并以俺巴孩汗为首统领众蒙古,泰亦赤兀惕氏发端较其他蒙古氏族甚晚,约在成吉思汗五世祖海都以后,然诸史所载泰亦赤兀惕氏祖传说则不一,有源于察刺孩子孙想昆·必勒格、俺巴孩说(简称甲说),源于察刺哈·宁昆之子直拏斯说(简称乙说),源于海都之子察刺孩说(简称丙说),源于土敦·篾年之子纳臣说(简称丁说),源于纳臣之子察刺孩说(简称戊说)等几种版本,其中(甲)、(乙)、(丙)三说分别见于《元秘史》、《元史·宗室世系表》及《史集》所引《金书》记载,(丁)、(戊)两说则始见于《史集》所引诸蒙古史籍。本文旨在疏理诸史所载泰亦赤兀惕氏祖传说之异同以及诸说间关系,兼论其文献脉络。

Before the?inggis Qan’s conquests of the Mongol Steppe,Tayi?i’ud was the strongest clan among the Mongols and they had ruled the Qamuq Mongol tribe by Ambaqai khan for a time.It was originated from the period of?inggis Qan’s fifth degree ancestor Qaidu and much later than other Mongol clans.There were several legendaries of their ancestor which recorded in the historical sources:[1]the descendant of?araqai’s son and grandson Sengüm-Beilge with Ambaqai(abbr.jia甲);[2]the descendant of?araqai’s son?inas(abbr.yi乙);[3]the descendant of Qaidu’s son?araqai(abbr.bing丙);[4]the descendant of Dutum-Menen’s son Na?in(abbr.ding丁);and[5]the descendant of Na?in’s son?araqai(abbr.wu戊),etc.The legendary versions of jia甲,yi乙,bing丙present in the sources of Secret History of the Mongols,Genealogies of the imperial clansmen of the Yuanshi and"Altan Daftar"(Altan Debter which was quoted in the Compendium of Chronicles).The legendaries of ding丁and Wu戊only appears in some Mongolian sources which were quoted in the Compendium of Chronicles.This article is focused on the above sources and analyzed the difference and the interrelationships among the ancestral legendary sources of the Tayi?i’ud clan.