元代亦集乃城的商业——基于出土文书、文物的考察

The Research on Trade in Ejina of Yuan Dynasty based on Documents and Relics Excavated from Khara-Khoto

黑城出土文书、文物反映了亦集乃城的商业形态,作为路级政区的治所,亦集乃城是辖区内的商业中心,物品直接或间接从城内市场流向农村、渠社,同时输入村、社物产以供应城内需求,形成互通有无的流通链。但因亦集乃路物产有限,常需从甘肃行省之甘州、宁夏等路以及中书省辖地输入物资,使得以亦集乃城为中心的市场成为北方贸易格局中的物品输入地。其中,部分物品并不在亦集乃路消费,而是由商人中转行销于"回回地面"、岭北达达地面等,并贩运西域宝货经此进入中原和蒙古市场,一定程度上,亦集乃城是元代陆上丝绸之路的重要中继站。

The situation of trade in Ejina city of Yuan Dynasty is showed by documents and relics excavated from the ruin Khara-Khoto.As a center city,Ejina(Ejin)plays an important role,many products are sold from the city market to the countryside,at the same time,and the people in city buy the sources made in countryside.However,Ejina lands were not fertile so that the local products cannot enough supply market.Many items were imported from Ganzhou Circult(甘州路),Ningxiafu Circult(宁夏府路)and the"nuclear state"directly ruled by the Central Secretariat(Zhongshusheng中书省).Furthermore,Ejin city is also an important distribution center for goods in the Silk Road.