白族“天婚”型故事文本研究

A Study on the “Marriage by Fate” Story Text of Bai People

"天婚"型故事是云南白族地区的一种特殊的故事类型。故事一般为官宦或富家小姐不愿接受父母之命,提出"天婚",按照自己的意愿嫁入贫寒之家,后夫妻二人偶然发现金银改变了命运的叙事模式。本文详细梳理了现已发现的十余个此类型故事文本,对其形态结构和文化成因进行了深入探讨,推测该故事类型的产生与汉族门第等级观念和白族传统婚姻观念的冲突有关,并与云南佛教兴盛有密切联系。研究白族"天婚"型故事文本的形态结构与文化成因有助于我们更好地理解特定历史时期云南白族人民的社会文化心理,促进不同区域文化间的交流。

"Marriage by fate" is a special type of story spread in the area where Bai people live in Yunnan. It tells the story of a rich girl from an official and aristocratic family who is reluctant to accept the marriage arranged by her parents, and proposes a "marriage by fate" in which she can marry into a poor family according to her own wish. After entering marriage, the couple accidentally find a fortune of gold and silver which reverses their fate. This paper sorts out more than ten discovered story texts of this type, and makes an in-depth discussion on their morphological structure and cultural causes. It is speculated that the emergence of this type of story is related to the conflict between the hierarchical concept of the Han people and the traditional marriage concept of the Bai people, and is also closely related to the prosperity of Buddhism in Yunnan. The study on the morphological structure and cultural causes of the story text will help us better understand the social and cultural psychology of the Bai people in a specific historical period, and promote communication between different regional cultures.