历史民俗学方法下的社会组织民俗研究——以狮山树本善堂的起源问题为例

Research on Folklore of Social Organizations Based on the Methodology of Historical Folklore Studies: A Case Study on the Origin of Shishan Shuben Shantang

社会组织民俗是传统民俗文化的重要组成部分。通过对现存的传统社会组织民俗资源的发掘和整理,可为国家文化建设和地方社会治理提供具有参考意义的民俗研究案例。文章以狮山树本善堂田野调查报告为基础,采用历史民俗学方法梳理树本善堂的起源问题及其与当时社会历史环境的关系,分析树本善堂的创设动因与社会意义。潜移默化的区域认同感是民众产生组织联结、创设树本善堂的深层动因。树本善堂以稳定的组织制度形式满足了传统地方社会面对灾害时寻求救济互助的现实需求,适应了民众期盼保障的天然情感需要,以民众的信任为基础,在宗族村落层面上不断强化"狮山良凿围七十二乡"的区域观念与认同感。

Folklore of social organizations is an important component of traditional folk culture. This paper aims to strengthen the exploration and arrangement of the folklore resources of the existing traditional social organizations, and to provide reference cases of folklore study for national cultural construction and local social governance. Based on the field investigation report on Shishan Shuben Shantang(a charitable organization), this paper applies the methods of historical folklore studies to sort out the origin of Shuben Shantang and its relationship with the social and historical environment in the late 19 th century, and to analyze the motivation and social significance of establishing the Shantang. The research points out that the imperceptible regional collective identity is the underlying force for people to be able to unite and establish the Shantang. The Shuben Shantang, in the form of a stable organizational system, satisfies the realistic needs of traditional local societies for seeking relief and mutual assistance in the face of disasters, and meets the natural emotional needs of protection for the local people. At the same time, the Shuben Shantang, established on the trust of the people, actually has continuously strengthened the regional collective identity of "Seventy-two Villages in Shishan Liangzaowei".