冷原子干涉绝对重力精密测量与系统误差

Precision measurement of absolute gravity by cold atom interference and the system errors

高精度重力加速度测量在地质勘探、惯性导航、地球物理等领域具有非常重要的作用。冷原子干涉重力仪是近二十年快速发展起来的新型量子测量仪器,因其具有较高的灵敏度和测量精度而日益得到重视,并逐步从实验室研究向实用化仪器发展。目前,实验室内的高精度冷原子干涉绝对重力仪测量精度已达10-12 g量级,性能媲美经典绝对重力仪的商用产品也已出现。介绍了基于原子干涉技术的绝对重力精密测量的基本原理和发展历程,综述国内外各研究组的研究现状,并分析了限制冷原子干涉绝对重力测量精度的几种主要系统误差,以及对这些系统误差的抑制和评估方法。

High-precision gravity acceleration measurement plays a very important role in geological exploration, inertial navigation, geophysics, and other fields. The cold atom interference gravimeter is a new kind of quantum measuring instrument, which develops rapidly in the past two decades. It utilizes laser cooling and atomic interference technology to realize high sensitivity and precision absolute gravity measurement. At present, the measurement accuracy of high-precision cold atom interference absolute gravimeters in laboratory can reach the order of 10-12 g. Commercial products with performance comparable to the classical absolute gravimeter have also appeared. This paper introduces the basic principle and development of absolute gravity precision measurement based on the atom interference technology. Research status of various research groups at home and abroad is summarized. Several main system errors that limit the accuracy of cold atom interference absolute gravity measurement are analyzed. The suppression and evaluation methods of these system errors are also studied.