单细胞分离方法及仪器研究进展

Progress on single cell isolation methods and instruments

如何从复杂异质且数量众多的细胞背景中分离出具有某种特征的纯净细胞实验样本,是长期困扰生命科学和临床病理学研究者的难题。纯净无损高特异性的细胞分离方法对解析生命过程、研究病理机制、确定治疗方案、分析药物疗效具有重要的作用。综述了单细胞分离方法及分离仪器的研究进展,重点梳理荧光激活细胞分选、微流体、激光显微切割、显微操作4种方法。首先,阐述方法的工作原理和部分理论模型。其次,分析几种典型仪器的结构、研究进展及主要性能参数。最后,讨论各种单细胞分离方法的优点和局限性,并展望单细胞分离仪器的发展趋势。

How to isolate the pure cell samples with certain characteristics from complex heterogeneous and numerous cells is a difficult problem.It perplexes researchers in life science and clinical pathology for a long time.The methods for effectively isolating pure,undamaged,and high-specific cells have significant influences on the explanation of life process,the study of pathological mechanism,the determination of treatment plan,and the analysis of drug efficacy.In this study,the research progress of single cell isolation methods and instrument is reviewed and summarized.Fluorescent activated cell sorting,microfluidics,laser microdissection and micromanipulator are emphasized.Firstly,for the cell isolation methods,the working principle and the corresponding theoretical models are presented.Secondly,the cell isolation instrument,the structural feature,research progress and main performance parameters are analyzed.Finally,the advantages and limitations of various single cell isolation methods are discussed.Meanwhile,the trend of single cell isolation methods is prospected.