高精度曲轴轴颈同步测量及误差分析研究

Research on synchronous measurement and error analysis of crankshaft journal′s high-precision measurement

针对曲轴轴颈检测中高精度和高效率的难点,提出了一种接触式曲轴轴颈同步检测方法。根据曲轴主轴颈和连杆颈在运转时的不同运动状态,分别设计了主轴颈测量模块和连杆颈随动式测量模块,实现在一次装夹下完成对曲轴主轴颈和连杆颈的同步采样和数据计算,从而提高测量效率,减少误差来源。对该测量方法中的测量模型进行分析,主要针对回转轴线偏移和曲轴主轴线偏移的误差,分析其误差对最终测量结果的影响并提出误差补偿方案。最终将测量样机和三坐标测量仪的测量结果比对发现,该测量方案的测量结果误差均小于0.015 mm,GR&R均小于10%,测量精确度和重复性高。

It is difficult to achieve high precision and high efficiency in crankshaft journal detection. To realize this objective, a contact type crankshaft journal synchronous detection method is proposed in this study. According to the different movement states of the crankshaft spindle neck and connecting rod journal during its operation, the measurement modules of spindle neck and connecting rod journal are designed respectively. The data of crankshaft spindle neck and connecting rod journal can be collected and calculated simultaneously through one-time clamping. In this way, measurement efficiency is enhanced and error caused by different sources is reduced. The measurement model is further analyzed, and the manifestation of errors on the final measurement results is identified. Accordingly, error compensation scheme is proposed, which mainly focuses on the errors of the rotation axis offset and the crankshaft main axis offset. Finally, the measurement results of the measurement prototype and the coordinate measuring machine are compared. Results show that measurement error is less than 0.015 mm, GR&R are less than 10%, and the measurement accuracy and repeatability are high.