间断平衡理论视角下70年中国少数民族教育政策变迁分析

Changes of Education Policies for Ethnic Minorities of China in the Past 70 Years in the Perspective of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

新中国成立以来,少数民族教育政策经历了70年的变迁,少数民族教育事业取得了显著成就,为促进民族团结进步、民族地区经济社会发展和边疆的繁荣稳定做出了积极贡献。通过对70年来少数民族教育政策变迁轨迹的梳理总结,运用间断平衡理论的长期视角分析该政策的变迁过程,可以发现:我国民族教育政策经历了从1949年到1965年中央集中模式的平衡期、"文革"时期激进变迁模式的间断期和改革开放以来中央集中与地方自主相结合的渐进平衡新时期。这一演变过程呈现出明显的由平衡到短期间断再到长期平衡的演进脉络特征,而且与我国民族团结进步事业以及民族地区经济社会发展的历程也呈现出较强的吻合性,充分体现了教育、人与社会发展之间内在的紧密关联性。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the education policies for ethnic minorities have experienced 70-year changes and made great contributions to promoting the progress of our national unity,socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas and the prosperity and stability of border areas.Through a diachronic summary of the changes of the education policies for ethnic minorities since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,this paper analyzes the changing process of the education policies from a long-term perspective of the punctuated equilibrium theory.It concludes that the ethnic education policy of our country has gone through the balanced phase of the concentration model by the Central Government from 1949 to 1965,the intermittent period of the radical changes during the Cultural Revolution and the new balanced phase between the central concentration and the local autonomy since the reform and opening-up in China.This evolutionary process shows obvious evolutionary characteristics in line with the mission of our national unity and progress,and the course of socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas of China,which fully reflects the internal close relationship among education,mankind and social development.