道德与“超道德”之间——重新理解王龙溪“四无论”的理论意义

Morality and Amorality: Reexamining Wang Longxi’s Siwu Theory

王龙溪的"四无说"肯定了良知对于道德判断和道德准则的决定性意义,凸显了道德价值的纯粹内在性,在理论上将王阳明的思想向前推进了一步。王阳明的致良知则通过"良知"的知是知非,为日常世俗道德准则留出了空间,在建立超越根据和肯定日常道德准则两者之间,建构起自己的理论体系。王龙溪的"四无说"在哲学史意义上重新回到孟子学说立场,在理论上则进一步彰显了心学传统面临的问题。

Setting the criterion of right and wrong on the basis of Good Conscience,Wang Yangming’s theory on the extension of Good Conscience leaves room for the common customs in daily life,with which he takes both a transcendental ground and the common customs as the basis for his theory of morality.Wang Longxi affirms the decisive significance of Good Conscience for moral judgment and moral principles with his Siwu theory.Highlighting the pure internality of moral values,he advances Wang Yangming’s moral philosophy.In a historical perspective,Wang Longxi’s Siwu theory revives Mencius’standpoint,and it further reveals the difficulties faced by the tradition of the Mind School.