儒学与学问——关于儒学思想发展的学问化/人格化路径的省思

Confucianism and Wisdom: Historical Reflections on the Academic Formation and Personification of Confucianism

儒学,尤其是以孔子为代表的原始儒学,究竟是学问,还是哲学、宗教、科学?这是儒学传承历史中的重大问题,也是儒学思想现代化特别是儒学思想当下生存和未来发展所直接面对的根本问题。从儒学思想自身发生和发展的历史看,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,构成了儒学思想自身传承系统的演化路径和存在状态;在全球化语境中,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,决定了儒学思想当下生存和未来发展的前途和命运。虽然,在儒学思想自身发展的历史上,儒学曾经被作为哲学(哲理化)、宗教(信仰化)和科学(技术化)而获得传承和发展并取得巨大成就,但由于遮蔽了儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,从而也就与现实的个人的生活世界渐行渐远。在市场经济生活方式渐次主导社会生活的今天,激活和启动儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,有利于克制道德冷漠、伦理疏松和人性功利化的趋向,也是儒学思想在全球化条件下生存和发展的可能路径和生存策略。

Is Confucianism,especially original Confucianism represented by Confucius,a wisdom or philosophy,religion or science?This is a key issue in the inheritance and modernization of Confucianism as well as its survival and development.Judging from the emergence and development of Confucianism,its disciplinary nature and interpretation constructs its evolutionary history and survival,so does in the context of globalization.Although Confucianism has been regarded respectively as philosophy(theorizing)and religion(believing)and science(technicizing)with great achievements in inheritance and development,it ignores the basic wisdom of moral education and distances itself from the real life of individuals.In today’s lifestyle based on market economy,it is necessary to bring into play the moral function of Confucianism,which will help avoid utilitarianism and construct good ethical principles as well as the survival and development of Confucianism against the background of globalization.