从“乐与政通”到“和而不同”——西周礼乐制度的“和同”思想再认识

From“Harmony between Music and Governance”to“Unity in Diversity”:Re-interpreting the Thought of Harmony of the Rites and Music System in the Western Zhou Dynasty

自西周初承袭殷商制礼作乐,周人为维护统治而将礼乐制度和分封制共用之时,即已实现了“乐与政通”。在社会管理和宗族制度的维系运行过程中,周人对于礼乐的使用产生了新的认识,提出了调和相济的思想去提倡“和而不同”,这是一个明显的进步。这种进步的意义不仅体现在生产力和社会生产关系协同层面的增益丰富,还体现出周人对社会管理制度的反馈与调节能力,这种变化在以往的研究中较少提及,而在西周礼乐制度的社会功能例证分析中又寻迹可见,因故试解再论。

Since the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty,after inheriting the system of rites and music from the Shang Dynasty,Zhou people combined the ritual and music system with the system of feudal enfeoffment to maintain their rule and to achieve“harmony between music and governance”.In the process of maintaining social management and clan system,Zhou people developed new understanding of the use of rites and music,and put forward the concept of harmonious diversity to advocate“unity in diversity”,which is an obvious progress.The significance of this progress is not only reflected in the enrichment of the synergy between social productivity and social relations of production,but also in Zhou people’s feedback and adjustment capabilities of managing social system.This change,which is rarely mentioned in previous studies,is clearly evident in the analysis of social function examples of the rites and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Therefore,a study is necessary here.