2Bank of Japan& US Federal Reserve& Bank of England, press release.
3Minutes of the 9 April 2001 meeting (English translation prepared by Bank of Japan staff based on the Japanese original).
4Bernanke, B, Reinhart, V and Sack, B (2004), 'Monetary policy alternatives at the zero bound: an empirical assessment' , Brookings Papers on Economic Acti vity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, Vol. 2004, Issue 2, pages 1-100.
5Campbell, J, Evans, C, Fisher, J and Justiniano , A (2012), 'Macroeconomics effects of Federal Reserve forward guidance' , Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring 2012, Issue 1, pages 1-80.
6Carney, M (2013), 'Monetary Policy After the Fall' , Eric J. Hanson Memorial Lecture, University of Alberta.
7Okina, K and Shiratsuka, S (2004) commitment and expectations formation experience under zero interest rates' North Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 15 ' Policy Japan' s American Issue l,pages 75-100.
8Orphanides, A and Williams, J.C (2002) 'Robust monet ary policy rules with unknown natural rates' , Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , 2002, Issue 2, pages 63-118.
9Raskin, M (2013), 'The effects of the Federal Reserve' s date-based forward guidance' , Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Federal Reserve Board No. 2013-37.
10Swanson, E and Williams, J (2012) 'Measuring the effect of the zero lower bound on longer-term interest rates' , Federal medium- and Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper No. 2012-02.
