靠“关系”还是靠“学历”?——私营企业员工薪酬中的亲属关联效应和文凭效应研究

Depending on “Guanxi” or on “Education”? A Study on the Effect of Kinship and Diploma in the Compensation of Employees in Private Enterprises

基于CGSS调查数据,运用Mincer工资决定方程和分位数分析方法,研究私营企业中家庭关系资本(亲属关系、亲近关系)和人力资本(学历)对员工薪酬的影响。结果发现,私营企业中的亲属关系和个人学历对员工薪酬具有显著正向影响,而亲近关系对员工薪酬的影响不显著,即私营企业中亲属关系与员工薪酬间存在亲属关联效应,个人学历与员工薪酬间存在文凭效应,并且亲属关联效应大于文凭效应;分位数回归分析显示,不同薪酬水平下亲属关联效应和文凭效应存在差异;而且私营企业中亲属关系对农村户籍员工薪酬的影响显著强于对城镇户籍员工薪酬的影响,而个人学历对私营企业中城镇户籍员工薪酬的影响显著强于对农村户籍员工薪酬的影响。最后从企业健康和可持续发展两个方面提出了具体的建议。

Using the methods of Mincer’s Wage Determining Equation and the Quantile Analysis,this paper discusses the influence of family relationship capital(kinships and close relationships)and human capital(diploma)on employees’payment in private enterprises based on the CGSS data.The results show that kinships and personal education in private enterprises have significant positive impacts on employee payment,while close relationship has no significant impact.That is,there is a kinship effect between kinships and employee payment,and there is a diploma effect between personal education and employee payment.Kinship effect is greater than diploma effect.Quantile regression analysis shows that there are differences in the two effects under different payment levels;the impact of kinship effect on the salary of rural household registration employees in private enterprise significantly stronger than that of urban household registration employees,while the impact of personal education on the salary of urban household registration employees in private enterprises is significantly stronger than that of rural household registration employees.In the end,the paper puts forward concrete suggestions from two aspects including enterprise health and sustainable development.