多中心空间演化促进了制造业全球价值链分工地位攀升吗?

Has Polycentric Spatial Evolution Promoted the Upgrading of Manufacturing’s Global Value Chain Distribution?

随着中国城市空间结构日益从单中心圈层向多中心网络形态转变,学界开始逐渐关注其在产业价值链升级演化中的作用,但相关的探讨仍有待深化。利用中国制造业企业微观数据与城市夜间灯光数据,通过实证分析多中心空间发展模式对制造业全球价值链分工地位的影响,有以下发现:首先,多中心空间发展模式促进了制造业全球价值链分工地位的改善,且这一结论有稳健性。其次,多中心空间发展模式对产业价值链攀升的促进效应随城市规模扩大呈现先上升后下降的类"倒U"形曲线特征,反映出"竞争"与"溢出"两种效应叠加后的净效应方向。这表明大城市空间发展结构对产业发展的"拥挤效应"、中小城市空间发展结构的"承接效应"已逐步显现,揭示了大中小城市分工协作、功能互补和协调发展在多中心城市群体系中的重要性。此外,空间相关性检验表明,制造业全球价值链升级在空间上存在显著的空间自相关性,呈现出明显的空间集聚特征。而空间动态面板数据(SDPD)模型结果表明,多中心空间发展模式除了会对本区域制造业全球价值链分工地位产生促进效应外,也会对邻域城市制造业全球价值链分工地位产生空间外溢效应,表现出"一荣俱荣、一损俱损"共生性特点。上述研究结论对推动城市从单中心虹吸走向多中心协同、优化"产城融合"区域联动协作机制、构建大中小城市协调发展的城镇化新格局具有重要的启示意义。

With the transformation of China’s urban spatial structure from single center circle to multi center network,its impact on the upgrading and evolution of industrial value chain has attracted wide attention,but the relevant literature remains to be further explored.Based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and the urban nighttime lighting data,this paper empirically studies the impact of polycentric spatial development mode on the status of manufacturing’s global value chain distribution.The results show that the polycentric spatial development mode has promoted the improvement of global value chain distribution of manufacturing industry,and this conclusion is robust.Besides,the promotion effect of polycentric spatial development mode on the upgrading of global value chain presents a similar"inverted U-shaped"curve with the increase of urban scale,which reflects the direction of net effect after the superposition of"competition"and"spillover"effects.This indicates that the"crowding effect"of the spatial development structure of large cities on industrial development and the"undertaking effect"of the spatial development structure of small and medium-sized cities have been showed gradually,which further reveals the importance of the division of labor and cooperation,function supplementation and coordinated development of large,small and medium-sized cities in urban agglomeration.Furthermore,the spatial correlation test shows that there is a significant spatial autocorrelation in the upgrading of manufacturing’s global value chain,showing significant characteristics of spatial agglomeration.Results of the spatial dynamic panel data(SDPD)model show that the polycentric spatial development mode can not only promote the upgrading of manufacturing’s global value chain in local region,but also generate spatial spillover effect on the upgrading of manufacturing industry in neighboring cities,which shows a symbiotic pattern of"all win or all lose".The above conclusions are significant to promote the transformation of cities from single center development to multi-center coordination,optimize regional linkage and cooperation mechanism of"city-industry integration",and construct the new pattern of urbanization with coordinated development of large,small and medium-sized cities.