论贸易优势理论的当代发展

The Contemporary Development of Trade Advantage Theory

基于比较优势与竞争优势的争论,运用双重异质性模型和相对效用价格比方法考察贸易优势理论的当代发展,贸易优势本质上是一种比较优势。比较优势理论是贸易优势理论的理论基准,比较优势的当代理论认知融合了供给侧的成本优势和需求侧效用满足的质量优势,体现了比较优势和竞争优势来源与表现的一致性。无论是要素价格差异的成本优势,还是产品相对效用满足差异的质量优势,都直接或间接通过产品价格加以体现。当代比较优势是相同消费者效用满足下的产品价格比较与竞争,源于拓展要素观下"一揽子要素"的要素结构差异与优化升级;贸易优势的获取不仅取决于产品成本的节约,而且在于消费者效用满足下产品质量的提升。

Based on the debate between comparative advantage and competitive advantage,the paper explores the contemporary development of trade advantage theory by using dual heterogeneity model and relative utility-price ratio.Trade advantage is essentially a comparative advantage.Comparative advantage theory is the foundation of trade advantage theory.The contemporary theoretical cognition of comparative advantage combines the cost advantage of supply-side and the quality advantage of the utility satisfaction of demand-side,which reflects the consistency of the source and the performance of comparative advantage and competitive advantage.The cost advantage of factor price difference and the quality advantage of the relative utility satisfaction difference of products are both presented directly or indirectly by product price.Contemporary comparative advantage is the product price comparison and competition under the same consumer utility satisfaction.It stems from the factor structural difference and upgrading of"package factors"under the view of factor expansion.The acquisition of trade advantage depends not only on the cost savings of products,but also on the improvement of product quality under the utility satisfaction of consumers.