从中西风景画之差异论园林美术教学改革

历来,绘画艺术深刻影响着园林艺术的形成与发展,而园林美术正是两者结合的产物。通过具化课程培养目标,可以明确园林专业学生培养的重点在于基础造型能力、空间思维能力和园林艺术鉴赏能力。再从中西风景绘画在宇宙观、画面空间组织与表现技法上的差异,分析其对园林专业学生三种能力培养的差异,发现中国传统山水画由于追求物象本质特征的塑造与把握,且趋向宏观的空间处理,有利于引导学生空间认知和空间想象;而西方传统风景画则更推崇身临其境的代入视角,注重光影、形态、色彩对空间的塑造能力,更适用于基础造型能力的培养;西方近现代风景画的内容和画法则形成了现代园林设计重要的美学标准,具有培养艺术鉴赏能力的宏观价值。

Historically,painting art has a profound impact on the formation and development of garden art,and garden fine arts is the combination of the two.By defining course objectives,it can be determined that the cultivation of landscape students focuses on the following three abilities:basic modeling ability,spatial thinking ability and garden art appreciation ability.This paper analyzes the influence of cosmology,picture organization and expressive techniques on the cultivation of the three abilities.It is found that traditional Chinese landscape painting is conducive to guiding students’spatial cognition and imagination because of its pursuit of the essential characteristics of objects and the macroscopic spatial processing.However,early western landscape painting advocates more immersive perspective,focusing on the ability of shaping space through light and shadow,form and color,which is more suitable for the cultivation of basic modeling ability.By the way,the modern western landscape painting expresses the important aesthetic standards of modern design methods,which gives it the macroscopic value of cultivating artistic appreciation ability.