汉语韵律标注(CHIPROT)与韵律结构的预测

Chinese Prosodic Transcription(CHIPROT)and the Prediction of Prosodic Structure

本文介绍了一种称为CHIPROT的新的韵律标注方式(基于汉语拼音),它最初是为第二语言教学而设计的。它是一种用于标注自然语速口语体的普通话话语的工具。CHIPROT也可用于标注“小模块”或语音块(2~3个音节组成的短语)的突显模式。“小模块”借鉴了公式化语言(formulaic language)的概念。CHIPROT标注有以下特征:1.区分各个音节的突显程度(ma、mā、mā、MĀ);2.分节法(韵律词和韵律短语)。该系统的构设是在史瓦尔尼(Švarny)教授的系统及Mandarin ToBI、C-ToBI的启发下,基于对汉语轻重音的不同语音分析而完成的。CHIPROT的核心概念是“常音节”和“弱音节”。笔者认为,韵律结构的许多特征(尤其是音节弱化)是可以预测的,这些预测可以用于标注过程中。CHIPROT图形具有标志性和直观性。它已在教学实践中得到检验。本文介绍的最终版本已应用于最近出版的教科书中。不仅教师和教材编写者发现CHIPROT很好用,而且从事连续语音研究的语言学家也会发现它很有用。

This paper introduces a new prosodic transcription called CHIPROT(based on Hanyu Pinyin),primarily designed for L2 teaching purposes.It is a tool for transcribing Chinese utterances and dialogues of colloquial style delivered at a natural tempo.^(①)CHIPROT may also be used to indicate the prominence patterns of short phrases(2–3 syllables)called“minimodules”,or“phonetic chunks”,which draw on the notion of formulaic language.The features labelled by CHIPROT are(1)the degree of prominence of particular syllables(ma,mā,mā,MĀ),and(2)phrasing(prosodic phrases and prosodic words).CHIPROT was initially inspired by the system of Professor O.Švarny(1920–2011).However,it is based on a different phonological analysis of Chinese stress,whose crucial notions are a normal syllable and a weakened syllable.The current paper argues that some features of prosodic structure(particularly syllable weakening)can be predicted,and that these predictions can be built into the transcription procedure.CHIPROT is graphically simple and highly intuitive.It has been tested in pedagogic practice.Final version,presented in this article,has already been systematically applied in a recently published textbook(Třísková,2021).CHIPROT can be used by teachers and compilers of pedagogic materials and may also be useful for linguists engaged in research on connected speech.