秦人婚姻问题再探

Re-discussion of Marriage Problems for People in the Qin State

婚姻家庭作为社会发展的最小细胞,在秦人家国的发展壮大中起过积极的作用。秦人的婚姻在其早期发展过程中,政治联姻是秦国贵族发展壮大其势力的有效手段;战国时期,秦国贵族通过与周边各国的政治联姻来维持秦国边境的和平,壮大秦国的国力;普通平民的婚姻以一夫一妻制婚姻为主,同时存在媵婚制,作为一夫一妻制婚姻的补充形式。在秦人的婚姻家庭中,以男性为主导,但男女双方结婚须经过双方当事人同意并得到政府部门的认可才合法有效,男子具有休妻的权力,但其休妻必须在政府有关部门进行登记才算合法有效,同时存在女性通过逃婚等形式来保障自己婚姻自主的情况。

As the smallest cell of social development,marriage and family played an active role in the development and growth of the Qin State.In the early development of Qin’s marriage,political marriage was an effective means for the nobles to develop and strengthen their power.During the Warring States Period,the Qin State’s nobles maintained peace on the borders and consolidated the state power through political alliances with neighboring states.The marriage of common people was mainly monogamous,and there was also a system called concubine marriage as a supplementary for monogamous marriage.In Qin’s marriage and family system,the male was in a dominated position,but a legally valid marriage must be approved by both parties and approved by the government.A man had the right to divorce his wife,but the divorce must be registered with the relevant government department.There were also cases in which women protected their marital autonomy by means of escaping marriage or in some other ways.