明清诗歌总集凡例的文体特性及诗学批评建构

Stylistic Features and Construction of Poetic Criticism of General Notes of Poetry Collection in Ming and Qing Dynasties

从杂糅于序到独立成文,凡例的文体发展经历了一个演变过程。区别于序体的叙说模式,诗歌总集凡例采用排比分条的论说方式,包容度广,自由度高,学术性强。凡例于说明总集编排体例和分类方式时,辨体溯源;凡例在交代小传的设置以及"以诗存史"的编纂理念时,体现编纂者注重考察人品与文品的双向互动;明确选本选录标准时,凡例则又关涉诗歌审美风范的品评。诗歌总集凡例展示了一条明清唐诗选本在格调与性情间寻求平衡与互补的唐诗学演绎轨迹,清代宋诗选本凡例展示了选编者标举宋诗的路径;选编者对各体式诗歌主体风貌的大致认同,则从另一个侧面展示出明清诗学的审美趋向和主体品位。

The style of general notes undergone an evolution process from being mixed in the preface to an independent piece of writing.Different from the narrative mode of the preface,the general notes of the poetry collection use a method of parallel explanation,which is more inclusive with a high degree of freedom and academic value.When explaining the compilation style and classification method of the anthology,the general notes trace the source of the style,and the setting of the short biography and the compilation concept of"presenting history by poetic writing"reflect the compiler’s attention to the two-way interaction between the personality of the writer and the nature of the literary work.When defining the selection criteria,the general notes concern the evaluation of the aesthetic style of poetry.The general notes of the Poetry Collection shows a development track of the Tang Dynasty poetry anthologies by editors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties which seeks a balance and complementarity between style and temperament.The Song Dynasty Poetry anthology edited in the Qing Dynasty shows the path for the editor to annotate the Song Dynasty poems.Editors’general identity of the main features of various styles of poetry shows from another aspect the aesthetic trend and principal taste of the Tang Dynasty poetry by literati in Ming and Qing Dynasties.