论传奇“副末开场”承自戏文开场院本

Fu Mo’s Opening Remarks of legends Inherited from Yuan Ben of the Opera

民间戏文演出本《张协状元》、明成化本《白兔记》可证,戏文原是以院本为开场演出的,其中包含副末唱念诸宫调报告戏情、副净与副末等插科打诨。元末,参与戏文创作的文人剧作家倾向于在作品开场部分直截宣示自己的创作意图,将会干扰这一意图传达的插科打诨删除,并以概括剧情的文人词取代诸宫调。这一体制为明清传奇所继承,传奇"副末开场"实承自戏文开场院本。体制规范、成熟的传奇副末开场形式又称"家门",这一名称也源于院本。

As the folk opera performance version Zhuangyuan Zhang Xie and the Chenghua version in Ming Dynasty White Rabbit confirms,the opera was originally opened with Yuan Ben,a form of folk performance in ancient China,when Fu mo would sing Gongdiao,a mode of ancient Chinese music,and forecast the drama while gagging with Fu Jing,another actor in the opera.By the end of Yuan Dynasty,the literati and dramatists who participated in the creation of the opera tended to declare their creative intentions directly in the opening part of the play,and delete the gagging part that interfered with the transmission of this intention,replacing Gongdiao with lines that summarized the plot.This system was inherited by the Ming and Qing legends,and Fu Mo’s opening remarks of the legends was actually inherited from Yuan Ben in the opening part of the opera.The well-established and mature form of Fu Mo’s opening remarks of the legend was also called Jia Men,an introduction of the play,and this name was also derived from Yuan Ben.