颈椎后纵韧带骨化症诊疗研究进展

Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine

后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)是多因素导致脊柱后纵韧带发生异位骨化引起椎管狭窄、脊髓及神经根压迫,最终产生肢体感觉和运动障碍的疾病,其起病隐匿,病因复杂尚未明确。颈椎OPLL既存在基因学基础,也有环境因素影响,是一种多病因相互作用的疾病,其病因包括流行病学因素、遗传学因素、代谢性因素、机械应力因素、生活习惯因素等。由于OPLL病因尚未明确,导致其治疗方式尚未统一。基于此现状,本文试从病因学,临床分型及治疗等方面对颈椎后纵韧带骨化进行综述,以期帮助临床医生熟练掌握OPLL的诊疗。

Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)is a disease caused by many factors,such as spinal stenosis,compression of spinal cord and nerve roots,and finally sensory and motor disorders of limbs.Its onset is hidden,and its etiology is complicated.It is found that the onset of cervical vertebra 0PLL is influenced by both genetic basis and environmental factors,and it is a disease with multiple causes,including epidemiological factors,genetic factors,metabolic factors,mechanical stress factors,lifestyle factors and so on.Because the etiology of OPLL is not clear,the treatment methods of OPLL have not been unified.Based on this situation,this paper tries to summarize the ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament from the aspects of etiology,clinical classification and treatment,in order to help clinicians master the diagnosis and treatment of OPLL skillfully.