梅兰芳传记的跨媒介实践

A Cross-Media Practice of Mei Lanfang's Biography

梅兰芳传记数量多、创作时间跨度大,且在各种媒介中出现,已成戏剧文化史上可单独探讨的案例:梅兰芳传记包括报纸、书籍、漫画等纸媒形式,还包括歌曲、话剧、舞剧、电视剧、电影等多媒介再生产形式。载于报刊的传记侧重于宣扬梅兰芳的名伶事迹和外交影响;传记书籍则有更大的空间考据生平、汇编资料并进行艺术加工;多媒体的发展提供了传记跨媒介共生的可能,梅兰芳形象渐趋细腻化、平民化、多维化,但出现了不合史实、娱乐大众的问题:透过跨媒介视角,可以看到完整的、鲜活的梅兰芳形象,为瞻仰艺术大家、传承戏剧文化提供参照,亦有助于寻绎传记创作与研究的新思路。

Mei Lanfang's biography has become a case in the history of opera culture that can be explored separately because of its wide time span,large number and great variety of media.The cross-media practice of his biography includes print media forms,such as newspapers,books,and comics,as well as the multimedia reproduction forms such as songs,dramas,dance dramas,television dramas,and films.Newspaper biographies focus on promoting Mei's renowned artistic achievements and diplomatic influence.Biographical books attach more importance to examining his life and compiling information through artistic processing.The development of multimedia provides the cross-media symbiosis of biographies,promoting Mei Lanfang's image in film and television biographies to be more nuanced,down-to-earth and multidimensional.However,the issues of unhistorical facts and over-entertainment arise.Through the cross-media perspective,a complete and vivid image of Mei can be presented,which provides a reference for admiring the artistic master and inheriting the theatre culture,and also helps to find new ideas for biographical creation and research.