“宗风傥未坠”——抗战时期“学优寒儒”的传记书写

The Sublimity Never Disappearing:The Biographical Writing of Confucian Scholars during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

1938年,国民政府教育部颁布“北平学优寒儒救助方法”,旨在救助留在北平高校的一批特殊人士,即早年以科举取士、为清朝官吏,最终退居于学堂,成为传经解惑又积贫积弱的儒士教授。这些受救助的“学优寒儒”们必须由所供职高校或本人撰写自传留档审查,而这些传记部分现藏于中国第二历史档案馆,与同期的其他文本创作存在着强烈的互文关系,其寄予的人生经验、体悟与感怀,不仅留有时代印记,更透露出对以儒学为“安身立命之学”的“内在超越”,蕴涵着丰富的内容与情感变化。

In 1938,the Ministry of Education of the Nationalist Government promulgated The Rescue Method for Peking Scholars and Confucianists,aiming to rescue a group of special figures who stayed at the colleges and universities of Peking.These scholars became Confucian professors to spread the scriptures and solve puzzles and they were poor and weak.Autobiography of these rescued"Excellent Scholars"must be written by the university that they served with or by themselves for review.These biographical materials are now kept in the Second Historical Archives of China,demonstrating strong intertextuality with other contemporary textual works.The relationship,the life experience,understanding and feelings not only bear the mark of the era,but also reveal the internal transcendence of Confucianism as the study of life and career,which encompasses rich connotations and emotional changes.