以史存文:唐代别集序与史传之关联

Preserve the Literariness in History:The Relation of the Preface to Literary Collections and the Historical Biography in the Tang Dynasty

别集序撰写之盛,始于南齐建元年间,并确立了一种以史存文的史学传统,故其文体近于史传。梳理《唐文粹》《文苑英华》《全唐文》存录的唐人别集序,发现唐代别集序文也延续了传体书写模式,在序文中叙述作者家世生平。唐代别集序以文序传重在“叙人”,遂逐渐成为一种重要的史料,后世修史对其多有利用,以两《唐书》人物传尤为明显。若别集序与史传有墓志、行状等共同史料来源,二者会出现内容互见、相互印证的现象。若史料来源不同,史传往往会采摭别集序作为史料补充,其中《新唐书》人物传(以下简称《新传》)对别集序的利用较多。

The flourishing of the preface to literary collections began in the Jianyuan period of the Southern Qi Dynasty,and established a historiography tradition of preserving the literariness in history,so its style is similar with the historical biography.Through the examination of the prefaces to Tang Dynasty literary collections in The Article Digest in the Tang Dynasty,The Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature and The Completed Works of the Tang Dynasty,it is discovered that the preface to literary collections also follows the writing pattern of biography,in which the author’s family life is described.The preface to the literary collections of the Tang Dynasty focused on the"narration of human life",which gradually developed into an important historical document,which was widely used in the compilation of historical records in later generations,especially in the biographies in the New and Old History of the Tang Dynasty.If there are common sources of historical materials such as epitaphs and chronicles,they will correlate to and confirm each other.If historical data are from different sources,historical biographies will usually quote the preface to literary collection to supplement the historical data,among which,the preface to literary collections are more quoted in the biographies in the New History of the Tang Dynasty.