王阳明“佞臣”形象的“实录”书写

The "Real Record" Writing of Wang Yangming’s Image of Treacherous Courtier

《明实录》载有大量与王阳明相关的"传记片段",这些"传记片段"以皇帝敕谕、言官章奏,以及王阳明所上之疏为主,它们共同建构起异于行状、墓志铭、年谱的佞臣王阳明形象。王世贞对实录所书王阳明夺人战功、勾结逆藩、滥杀平民进行驳斥,却过度强调实录纂修官与王阳明的私人恩怨。王阳明封伯给阁臣杨廷和带来的政治威胁,"大礼议"中王阳明默许议礼的态度,王阳明的"异端之学"及其讲学规模在嘉靖初年的扩张,共同造成了嘉靖初君臣对王阳明的普遍不满。借助《明实录》中的"传记片段",可以探知嘉靖初皇帝、内阁、六部争斗激烈的政治生态与以程朱理学为尊的学术宗尚。

Ming Shilu contains a large number of"biographical fragments"about Wang Yangming,which are mainly based on imperial edicts,supervisors’petitions to the throne and Wang Yangming’s memorandums to the emperor.These"biographical fragments"all construct the image of a treacherous courtier who is different from the narrations,epitaphs and chronicles of Wang Yangming.Wang Shizhen was opposed to this opinion,but he put an emphasis on that Wang Yangming was at odds with the editors of Ming Shilu.The political threat that Wang Yangming’s peerage posed to Yang Tinghe,Wang’s acquiescence to the group of"discussion of rituals"in the event of"Da li Yi"and the expansion of Wang Yangming’s lecture scale at the beginning of Jiajing’s reign,all caused widespread dissatisfaction with Wang Yangming among the emperor and the key officials.With the help of"biographical fragments"in Ming Shilu,we can explore the fierce political ecology between the emperor,the cabinet and the six ministries in the early Jiajing’s reign,and the academic style with Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism at the core.