脱凡入圣、由圣返凡——试论明代高僧见月读体的自传书写

From a Layman to a Sage and the Return to Secularity:The Autobiographical Writing of Jianyue Duti the Monk

明代高僧见月读体的自传《一梦漫言》记录了其由普通人成长为一代高僧的人生经历,展现了其宗教实践过程和心路历程,蕴含着真挚的宗教情感,是十分珍贵的自传文本。在其自传中,见月读体呈现出精进不已的求法者、宝华道场的构建者、律宗复兴的担荷者三重身份。在自我、寺庙、律宗的三重复调下,展现了其脱凡入圣的过程,完成了自我形象的塑造。同时《一梦漫言》在创作层面取得突破,采取神圣描写世俗化、空间描写详细化、心理状态开敞化等书写方式,很大程度上消解了僧传的神圣色彩,由圣返凡,弥补了传统僧传在人物刻画上的不足,塑造了真实可感、有血有肉、凡而不凡的高僧形象。

Monk Jianyue Duti revealed his spiritual experience and religious practices in his autobiography A Casual Talk of a Dream.As a milestone of Buddhist literature throughout history,the sincerity of sentiments,as well as the vivid experiences were accurately recorded.In his biography,the three identities of Jianyue Duti,namely the monk,the architect and the instaurator of Vinaya School,gradually syncretized into one.This biography discovers the course from the three perspectives and tells his life story from a layman to a sage.In addition,A Casual Talk of a Dream undermines its divinity through the unique verbalization employing secularizing the sanctity,specifying the travel routes and unfolding the selfemotion.His biography compensated for the lack of character delineation in the conventional monk biography and shaped an eminent monk figure true to life.