“伦-理-道-德”一体化的德育形态及其建构

The Moral Education Form with Ethics-Morality Integration and Its Construction

伦理与道德既有联系又有区别。伦理是社会关系及其规范秩序,是个体性与普遍性相统一的实体性存在;道德是根据伦理的实体性要求所进行的主体建构,是人们对社会关系所规定之“道理”的认同、接受与内化,它表现为个体的主观意志和内在品质。伦理与道德的不同并不意味着二者存在实质性的冲突和根本性的分歧,二者既相互依存又相互阐释。然而,当代学校德育放大了二者的区别,在德育内容、德育方式和德育价值观方面都表现出伦理与道德的疏离。这种状况造成的直接后果是学生陷入伦理义务和道德义务的冲突、公共伦理和个人美德的冲突。为避免这样的冲突,德育应寻求二者的统一,从本体论、认识论、实践论和目的论四个方面建构“伦-理-道-德”一体化的德育形态。

Ethics and morality are both related and differentiated.Ethics refers to social relationships and their normative order,which is the physical existence unified with individuality and universality.Furthermore,morality is the subjective construction according to the substantive requirements of ethics,and it is people's identification,acceptance and internalization of the“truth”stipulated by social relationships,which is manifested as the individual subjective will and internal quality.The difference between ethics and morality does not mean that there is substantive conflict and fundamental difference between them.They both interdependent and mutually interpreted.However,the contemporary school moral education has magnified the distinction between the two,showing the alienation of ethics and morality in terms of moral education content,moral education approach and moral education value.As a direct consequence of this situation is that students are caught in a conflict between ethical and moral obligation,and between public ethics and individual virtues.In order to avoid such conflicts,moral education should seek to unifiy of the two and construct the moral education form from the four aspects of ontology,epistemology,practice and teleology.