人力资本流动与区域发展失衡

The Mobility of Human Capital And Developmental Gap between the Eastern and Mid-western China

人力资本随人口流动方向而形成东部富裕而中西部相对贫乏的人力资本分布格局,在人力资本价值上涨的背景下不利于缩小我国区域发展差距。本文基于人力资本水平流动和中央转移支付的垂直流动建构人力资本双向流动模型,通过2015年全国1%人口抽样调查和全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,计算得东部尽管向中西部转移支付1.1万亿元人力资本相关成本,但通过人口流动得到来自中西部人口得3.7万亿元的人力资本收益,净得人力资本远高于中西部。因此,本文认为财政转移支付不足以弥补中西部的人力资本流失,需要设法减少人力资本的东流。

Human capital,with the direction of population flow,forms a relatively rich rural human capital distribution pattern in the eastern part of the country.In the context of rising human capital value,it is not conducive to narrowing the regional development gap in China.Based on the vertical flow of human capital horizontal flow and central transfer payment,this paper constructs a two-way flow model of human capital.Through the national 1%population sample survey and the national mobile population dynamic monitoring survey data in 2015,it is calculated that the eastern region has transferred 1.1 trillion yuan to the central and western regions.Yuan human capital related costs,but through the population flow to get 3.7 trillion yuan of human capital income from the central and western population,the net human capital is much higher than the central and western.Therefore,this paper believes that fiscal transfer payments are not enough to make up for the loss of human capital in the central and western regions,and it is necessary to try to reduce the eastward flow of human capital.