满(蒙)汉合璧文献语料价值的多角度挖掘——基于太田辰夫的相关研究与假设

Multi-angle Studying of the Corpus Value of Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese Bilingual or Trilingual Literatures:Based on Relevant Research and Hypothesis of ŌTA Tatsuo

满(蒙)汉合璧文献是太田先生研究清代汉语与北京话时使用的重要语料,由于时代与语言所限,太田辰夫并未使用满汉对勘方法,没有从语言接触角度去挖掘满汉合璧文献的独特语料价值。但是太田辰夫数种关于满(蒙)汉合璧文献语言的观点,为后续研究提供了重要思路。首先,应当重视满(蒙)汉合璧文献在汉语、满语、蒙古语及语言接触研究等方面的语料价值;其次,满(蒙)汉合璧文献内部差异问题有待进一步考察,不能将其中的汉文部分简单归结为北京话;再次,汉儿言语与旗人汉语的关系有待深入思考和验证;最后,满(蒙)汉合璧文献与威妥玛及其编写团队所著《语言自迩集·谈论篇》的改写关系也应当厘清。

The Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese bilingual or trilingual literatures are the important corpus used byŌTA Tatsuo when he studied the Chinese language and Beijing dialect in the Qing Dynasty.Due to the limitations of time and language,ŌTA Tatsuo did not use the Manchu-Chinese collation method,and did not find the unique value of the Manchu-Chinese bilingual literatures from the perspective of language contact.However,ŌTA Tatsuo’s several views on the language of Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese bilingual or trilingual literatures provide important ideas for the follow-up study.First of all,we should pay attention to the corpus value of Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese bilingual or trilingual literatures in Chinese,Manchu and Mongolian languages and language contact research;Secondly,the internal differences between Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese bilingual or trilingual literatures need to be further investigated,and the Chinese part cannot be simply equivalented to Beijing dialect;Thirdly,the relationship between Han-Er Yan Yu and the bannermen’s Chinese needs to be deeply considered and verified;Finally,the rewriting relationship between the Manchu(Mongolian)and Chinese bilingual or trilingual literatures and the Yü-yen Tzǔ-erh Chi written by Thomas Francis Wade should also be clarified.