摘要
文章讨论副词“也”和动词“给”读^(c)kei的来源。结论是:副词“也”来自“亦”,“亦”脱落韵尾后变成“也”,这个“也”起先不可能读“羊者切”(《广韵》),而是读“演尔切”(《集韵》);唐朝时,副词“也”使用频率不高,人们按照“也”的常见读音“羊者切”去读它,也有方言读去声,音同“夜”,后来共同语中沿用了“羊者切”这个读音。动词“给”读^(c)kei,来源于早期的^(*c)ki。明清时期,舌根音后接i、y时变成舌面前音,“给”文读变成读tφ,^(*c)ki的读音站不住了,于是就在k和i之间增生ue,或增生一个e,产生^(c)kuei,或^(c)kei,^(c)kei在共同语中沿用至今。
This article discusses the sources of the adverb“ye(也)”and the verb“gei(给)”([^(c)kei]).The source of adverb“ye(也)”is the word“yi(亦)”:“yi(亦)”became“ye(也)”when its ending was lost.“Ye(也)”was at first pronounced as“yaner qie(演尔切)”(Ji Yun《集韵》),instead of“yangzhe qie(羊者切)”(Guangyun《广韵》).During the Tang Dynasty,the adverb“ye(也)”was not used with high frequency,and was thus pronounced as“yangzhe qie(羊者切)”,which was the common pronunciation of“ye(也)”at that time.In some dialects,the adverb“ye(也)”was pronounced with“qusheng(去声)”,which sounded like“ye(夜)”.The pronunciation of“yangzhe qie(羊者切)”was later maintained in Standard Mandarin.The pronunciation of the verb“gei(给)”as[^(c)kei]is derived from the early[^(*c)ki].During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,velars turned into alveo-palatal obstruents when followed by[i]or[y],the initial of the literary reading of the verb“gei(给)”thus became[tɕ].This made[^(*c)ki]become impossible,[ue]or[e]was thus added between[k]and[i]to form[^(c)kuei]or[^(c)kei],of which[^(c)kei]has been used in Standard Mandarin until today.
关键词
副词“也”
动词“给”
来源
读音例外
the adverb“ye(也)”
the verb“gei(给)”
sources
the pronunciation exception
