明代汉语疑问句功能的融合与扩展

The Functional Fusion and Expansion of Interrogative Sentences of the Ming Dynasty

明代汉语的疑问句有“有疑而问”和“无疑而问”两种用法。“有疑而问”的疑问句存在着功能融合的现象:极性问与特指问融合,形成了特指是非问、特指选择问和特指正反问;推测问与特指问融合,形成了特指推测问。“无疑而问”的疑问句存在着功能扩展现象,由反问向祈使、感叹等扩展。

There are two usages of interrogative sentences in Ming Dynasty Chinese:“asking with doubt”and“asking without doubt”.There is functional fusion phenomenon in the interrogative sentences of“asking with doubt”.The fusion of polar questions and specific questions forms specific right and wrong questions,specific choice questions,and specific positive and negative questions.The fusion of speculative questions and specific questions forms specific speculative questions.The functional expansion in the interrogative sentence of“asking without doubt”is from rhetorical questions to imperative,exclamation,etc.